Computer Technology Support

Sony’s launching of the PlayStation 3 hit the United States markets on November 11, 2006, and thousands of fans streamed to local electronic shops and outlets to get their hands on the first batch. As these systems flew off the shelves, the cost and value of the PlayStation 3 on the open marketplace went through the roof, as it became one of the most in demand items of 2006-2007.

The PlayStation 3 is at present only available online through auction websites, classifieds, or an independent vendor. Discovering an inexpensive PlayStation 3 calls for much more difficult work than initially signing up as a pre-ordering registrant. Pre-ordering was the soundest option to obtain the first lot of PlayStation 3s as they became available in November. This reserved a console, normally only one per home, with a down payment and sometimes upfront payment. On the release date, the console was set aside and guaranteed for pick up.

However, a lot of folk were unable to jump on the pre-registration listing, or could not afford to pre-pay or pre-order the console. As a consequence, they had to address other means of obtaining one. During the release stage in early November, 1000s of devotees spent the nighttime in front of computer and electronics shops such as Best Buy to get their best picks as soon as the store opened up for business. A lot of them retained their buys, while others began listing the PlayStation 3 on EBay and Amazon.com.

Nowadays, it’s possible to get hold the PlayStation 3 for cheaper prices than earlier listed through bidding wars and negotiations with independent vendors. Craigslist is a good resource to discover local vendors, folk who might have bought the console with intent to trade, or are merely not interested in it any longer. Purchasing a secondhand PlayStation 3 still delivers plenty of value, as the system was constructed just last year.

Getting an inexpensive price on auction websites such as Amazon.com and EBay is competitive, challenging, but may also be a good deal of fun. If you’re new to auction websites, it’s a good idea to study how they work and take a tutorial on how to obtain the cheapest prices on merchandise that interests you. Sometimes it’s difficult to locate a lawful seller, but there are many trustworthy sellers and re-sale stores available on the internet that can provide a competitive price.

Making sure you are working inside your budget is crucial when it comes to discovering a cheap price for the PlayStation 3, as auction websites can require you to overbid just to win. However, working with an independent vendor, either through the Classifieds, Craigslist, or other local bulletin boards can offer some other cheap PlayStation 3 choices!

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Always look for a password that is difficult to crack and is unlikely to be easily compromised. Usually, the best method for generating a password is to select a sufficient number of characters chosen at random. The problem is that such a password is usually very hard to remember. To make random passwords more memory-friendly, another method is sometimes used, i.e., random words or syllables are used instead of random letters. We can also find users who prefer to use mnemonic phrases that have random letters as the initial of each word.

Sometimes personal mnemonics are used. These involve things memorable to you, but not to others. Take this password for example: IvLwIw16. It derives from “I visited London when I was 16.” It’s the user’s own memory and no one else’s. That makes it easier to remember and harder for others to crack.

A number of software programs have now been developed to generate random passwords containing a varied set of characters that include lowercase and uppercase letters as well as numerals. These are hard to crack or guess because of an optional combination of lower and upper case letters and numbers. Some of the programs give you the option to generate fixed or variable length passwords. Sometimes a high quality pseudorandom number generator is used which offers five methods for generation: a) automatic generation where the user can choose the contents, b) masked generation where the user specifies patterns describing the password, c) dictionary mode where it grabs random passwords from a file the user specifies, d) pronounceable mode for passwords that are easy to remember and e) character list mode for generating passwords comprising a chosen list of characters.

All modes can choose lower-case, upper case or mixed-case letters. Some generators create purely random passwords while the others generate passwords based on wordlists. Although more secure, purely random passwords tax the user’s memory. Passwords based on wordlist, on the other hand, is more memory-friendly.

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RAM is considered volatile storage because as soon as the power supply is stopped, the contents of RAM are lost. Hence, the data in RAM stays as long as the computer is running. RAM is much faster to read from and write to, when compared to other storage devices like hard disk, CDROM, Floppy disk etc. RAM can be both read and written; therefore, it is sometimes also called read-write memory.

There are two fundamental types of RAM:

(a) Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
(b) Static RAM (SRAM)

(a) Dynamic RAM (DRAM): Dynamic random access memory is the most common kind of RAM, which stores each bit of a data in a separate capacitor and a transistor. Capacitors tend to leak electrons, thus the need for recharging arises. Hence, DRAM, unlike SRAM needs to have its storage cells refreshed or given an electric charge every few milliseconds. This refresh requirement operation is from where dynamic RAM gets its name. DRAM is a volatile memory because it loses data when the power supply is stopped.

DRAM’s structural simplicity gives it an advantage over SRAM. It consists of only one transistor and a capacitor per bit, due to which it has very high density. SRAM, on the other hand, requires six transistors.

There are three basic types of DRAM:

(i) Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM): While all the other types of DRAM work asynchronously to the system clock, Synchronous dynamic random access memory is a type of DRAM that synchronizes itself with the microprocessor clock speed. It is a type of RAM that is twice as fast as EDO DRAM. The speed of SDRAM is rated in MHz than in nanoseconds. SDRAM chips are mounted on DIMM memory modules. These memory modules are classified according to the CPU speed that they are designed to support.

(ii) RAMBus DRAM ( RDRAM): Rambus dynamic random access memory is a type of synchronous dynamic
RAM, developed by Rambus Corporation. It is a high speed memory technology, which transfers data up to 800 MHz. Since, RDRAM narrows the memory bus to 16-bit, systems get more speed by running channels in parallel. RDRAM has heatsinks to dissipate heat, which is a major issue with RDRAM. Manufacturing of RDRAM is expensive as compared to other RAMs

RDRAM memory modules (RIMM) can only be used on the motherboards specifically designed for them. A 16-bit and 32-bit RDRAM RIMMS have 184 and 232 pins respectively.

(iii) DDR-SDRAM: stands for double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory. It is a type of Memory integrated circuits that are used in computers. DDR transfers data over the bus over both (rising and falling) edges of the clock cycle, doubling the data throughput over that of standard SDRAM. DDR memory runs at bus speeds up to 400 MHz. DDR memory chips are mounted on 184-pin DIMM modules. DDR SDRAM consumes less power, hence is best suited for laptops.

(b) Static RAM (SRAM): Static random access memory is the kind of RAM that holds its data without external refresh, as long the power remains applied, unlike DRAM that needs to be periodically refreshed. It is a type of memory that is faster and more reliable than DRAM (Dynamic RAM). Since, Static RAM operates on the principle of moving current, it is a volatile memory.

There are three basic types of Static RAM (SRAM):

• Async SRAM: Short for asynchronous Static Random Access Memory. It is an older type of SRAM, which works independently of the system clock, that is, asynchronous.

• Sync SRAM: Short for synchronous Static Random Access Memory. This type of memory is synchronous with the system clock. This SRAM is more expensive.

• Pipeline Burst SRAM: This is the commonly used memory. Pipeline means larger packets of data are re sent to the memory at once and is acted on very quickly. This type of SRAM can operate at bus speed higher than 66 MHz.

Park Oskar a freelancer writer for