Computer Technology Support

CCNA exam success depends on mastering many technologies that are new to you, and few exam topics have more details than ISDN. ISDN isn’t just for your CCNA exam studies, though. While ISDN is dismissed by many, the fact is that there are many small and mid-size networks out there that use ISDN as their backup to frame relay. Some of these companies have spoke networks that use ISDN to connect to their hub as well, so it’s a great idea to know ISDN configuration and troubleshooting for your real-world career as well as passing the CCNA. With that in mind, let’s take a look at five common ISDN errors and how to avoid them.

With dialer map statements, remember that the phone number you put in the dialer map is the phone number of the remote router, not the local one. Look at it this way - if you want to call a friend on your cell, you don’t pick up your cell and dial your own number!

Speaking of dialer map statements, don’t forget the all-important broadcast option at the end of the command:

R1(config-if)#dialer map ip 172.12.21.1 name R2 broadcast 5555555

The router will accept that command without the “broadcast” option, but routing protocol updates and hellos would not be able to travel across the line. (This command is also needed in frame relay map statements to allow broadcasts and multicasts to be transmitted.)

PAP is PPP’s clear-text authentication scheme, and clear text is a really bad idea. But if you do have to configure it, don’t forget that PAP requires additional configuration -the ppp pap sent-username command.

R1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username R1 password CISCO

Must set encapsulation to PPP before using PPP subcommands

R1(config-if)#

The error message we got while configuring the sent-username command is another important reminder - by default, a BRI line is running HDLC, not PPP. Since HDLC doesn’t allow us to use either PAP or CHAP, we’ll need to set the link to PPP with the encapsulation ppp command.

R1(config-if)#encapsulation ppp

R1(config-if)#ppp authentication pap

R1(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username R1 password CISCO

But before we configure any of this information, we should configure the ISDN switch-type. Why? Because without the switch-type configuration, it doesn’t matter that we avoid the other four errors - the line will not come up. Configure the switch-type with the “isdn switch-type” command, and then verify it with “show isdn status”.

R1(config)#isdn switch-type basic-ni

R1#show isdn status

Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-ni (output of this command cut here for clarity)

If you forget this part of the configuration, the output of show isdn status wastes no time in reminding you!

R1#show isdn status

**** No Global ISDN Switchtype currently defined ****

ISDN is an important part of your CCNA studies, and this knowledge still comes in handy in production networks as well. Keep studying, notice the details, run those debugs, and you’ll be a CCNA before you know it!

Chris Bryant, CCIE #12933, is the owner of The Bryant Advantage, home of over 100 free certification exam tutorials, including

You may think that it’s ok just to invite someone in to your home to fix your PC, without really checking them out. After all, it’s not gas we’re talking about is it? Well, there are several important things to consider which you might not have thought about.

The majority of viruses on a PC arise due to the user and if your engineer isn’t qualified they could end up doing more harm than good. Even more worrying is that someone with the right equipment could download some of your most personal information in a few seconds, for their own use, and you would never know.

CompTIA, the UK’s best known computer engineer training organisation, provide the training necessary to ensure that all engineers who possess the A qualification are bound by the Data Protection Act and, of course, have the technical skills to do the job correctly. In addition to qualifications, you need to be aware of insurance, of which there are two types: public liability and professional indemnity.

Public liability insures against any damage to you or your property caused by the engineer. Some engineers may not be covered at all or only be insured for domestic premises and not business premises, which carries a higher risk and cost.
Professional indemnity is there to insure against negligence on the part of the engineer, obviously important when someone is working on your PC, especially if you are a business customer and your company relies on the use of the PC and associated data! This insurance is quite expensive and so some engineers may not be covered for this either.

PC PAL only use fully qualified and fully insured engineers with the experience and knowledge to solve all your PC problems, giving you peace of mind.
We all know about pirate software, and this is rife amongst the industry. If your engineer is telling you they can provide you with an up-to-date installation at a very cheap price, be sure to check and ask for the product registration key, as well as the original software discs, to be provided to you.

A recommendation is obviously the best way to find a new engineer so ask for testimonials or references from previously satisfied customers. A professional website is also useful to find out more. So, the next time you reach for the telephone, make sure you ask plenty of questions of the engineer before they arrive on your doorstep!
If you would like any help with your PC, contact PC PAL on our 7-day helpline on: 0121 705 0010 or see our website at pcpal.co.uk for full details of services and to view our customer testimonials.

Jat Mann is the owner of PC PAL, the PC repair specialists. PC PAL currently operate in the Solihull area, offering customers a fully qualified, experienced and insured engineer to fix their computer in their own home or office. More information, tips and resources, as well as information about our services, can be found at pcpal.co.uk pcpal.co.uk

Today I am going to give you a very quick WoW Gold Guide so you can see how easy it is to make gold on wow once you have found the right place!

Bear in mind this WoW Gold Guide is just a quick introduction and there are many more places you can make gold on Wow.

For the purposes of this WoW Gold Guide the first place you should visit is the Western Plaguelands and go to the Scarlet City you should pass a tower and if it’s not overrun with people following WoW Gold Guides you can farm good amounts of gold here!

You should kill as many Scarlet Spellbinders as you can here and you will find they drop many formulas namely “Enchant Weapon – Crusader” this is very hard to come buy and is mentioned in many WoW Gold Guides as it can be sold for 200 Gold a piece!

Also kill as many Scarlet Priests here as you can and Sentinels, they are all elites but not as difficult as you think they would be to kill. They also drop loads of runecloth that you can sell and epic items as well.

The last place I am going to tell you about in this short WoW Gold Guide is the weeping cave in the Western Plaguelands and the mobs you find there will drop items like “The Greater Protection Potion” which you can sell for whopping 100 gold.

I hope these tips in this short WoW Gold Guide was of use to you, follow the tips within this WoW Gold Guide and you will soon be making good money within the game!

Simon Fields is a World of Warcraft Enthusiast and writes articles and submits product review on anything that can improve your game experience! For more info on WoW Gold Guide and to find out how you can make 300 Gold an hour click the link below:

wow-gold-secrets.blogspot.com/” target=”_blank WoW Gold Guide